Antisemitism

Antisemitism is a unique and pervasive form of hate with a long, brutal history. Online trends have only amplified this.

Since ISD's founding in 2006, challenging antisemitism worldwide has been a key focus for our organisation. The late Lord George Weidenfeld, a co-founder of ISD, spent his life fighting antisemitism throughout his illustrious career. These efforts informed the basis of a broader struggle against hate and intolerance worldwide.

From policy to pluralism
Early efforts to address antisemitism began with the Club of Three, a policy-led dialogue between high level politicians, academics and activists to address issues regarding social cohesion and security cooperation, including antisemitism. These dialogues featured heads of state including Angela Merkel, Tony Blair and Shimon Peres.

In 2010, ISD seeded the Phoenix Initiative, an "inter-community initiative for a new centre ground" that brought together leading Muslim and Jewish leaders and thinkers to bridge gaps within their communities to tackle some of the harder and more divisive social issues in a way that would avoid resorting to reactionary narratives.

In 2018, ISD supported a number of civil society led initiatives in the UK through its £1m Google Innovation Fund, supported by Google.org. One of them, Muslims Against Antisemitism, built campaigns to reframe discussions of antisemitism within Muslim communities and tackle hate head on.

Cutting edge research
In 2020, ISD published a report, The Online Ecosystem of the German Far-Right, that documented the rising use of antisemitism in Germany, specifically showing that over half (56.9%) of mentions relating to Jewish people on the Kraut/pol/ threads on 4chan contained clearly antisemitic narratives. This research was based on the use of Method 52, a proprietary tool developed by ISD and the Centre for the Analysis of Social Media (CASM).

Later in 2020, ISD published a landmark study of Holocaust denial on Facebook and other social media platforms titled Hosting the ‘Holohoax’: A Snapshot of Holocaust Denial Across Social Media that received widespread coverage and helped evidence the civil society critical mass which saw Facebook change its policies on Holocaust denial on its platform.

Partnerships that make a difference
During the 2020 US election campaigns, ISD worked with a number of American Jewish organisations to identify and respond to antisemitic trends in online hate speech. Much of this research was featured in a collaboration with prominent US-based Jewish affairs publication The Forward titled Fahrenheit 411.

Commissioned by the European Commission, ISD published a report, The Rise of Antisemitism Online During the Pandemic: A Study of French and German Content, on the prevalence of antisemitism designed to help shape and evidence the EU’s upcoming strategy on countering antisemitism, which will be presented at the end of 2021. The study provides insight on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on online antisemitism in France and Germany, analysing the platforms where such content is found, as well as the most prominent antisemitic narratives – comparing key similarities and differences between these different language contexts.

ISD’s Jakob Guhl (Manager, Policy & Research) has contributed a chapter about antisemitism in Facebook pages supportive of the UK Labour party, “’Everyone I know isn’t antisemitic’ - Antisemitism in Facebook Pages of the UK Labour Party” to an upcoming, interdisciplinary volume, Antisemitism on Social Media, that addresses online antisemitism (to be published by Routledge in March 2022). The volume will centre around the role of social media in the dissemination of antisemitism, and its impact on society at large, showing how social media is weaponised by antisemitic actors across the ideological spectrum.

In partnership with B’nai B’rith International and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), ISD created a hands-on guide for both Jewish and non-Jewish civil society organisations across Europe (with a special focus on Germany) to counter antisemitism online. The project, titled “Stop Antisemitism Now – a guide to tackling Antisemitism online”, began in September 2021 and ran through February 2022. It was supported by the German Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community.

The Coalition to Counter Online Antisemitism (CCOA), an independent pilot project funded by google.org through 2025, aims to bring together a broad range of stakeholders working on antisemitism— e.g. CSOs, cities, businesses, practitioners and citizen initiatives to create a new set of partnerships to counter online antisemitism at scale. Working to amplify existing best practice, the coalition will build bridges between research, educational measures and policy changes. During the pilot phase, the project primarily focuses on five countries: Germany, France, Italy, Poland and Sweden.

Link to the Coalition to Counter Online Antisemitism page

Lord George Weidenfeld

The late Lord George Weidenfeld
Founder, Club of Three. Cambridge, UK, 2009

Muslims Against Antisemitism

Campaign image from ISD/Google Innovation Fund recipient Muslims Against Antisemitism
London, UK, 2018

Holocaust denial content

Breakdown of Facebook groups and pages
containing Holocaust denial material by ideology
from ISD's Hosting the Holohoax report

Latest Polarisation and Hate Publications


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ISD's Polarisation and Hate Speech team

Sasha Havlicek
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Sasha Havlicek

Co-Founder and CEO

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Sasha Havlicek
Sasha Havlicek

Co-Founder and CEO

Sasha Havlicek is Co-Founder and CEO of ISD, having spearheaded ISD’s pioneering research and data analysis, digital education, policy advisory, training, tech and communications programmes. With a background in conflict resolution and an expertise in extremism, digital information operations and electoral interference, she has advised a range of governments at the highest levels and has spearheaded partnerships with the UN, EU Commission and Global Counter-Terrorism Forum. She has also worked with the private and civil society sectors to promote innovation, including developing major programmes run in partnership with Google, FB and Microsoft. Sasha serves as an expert advisor to the UK Counter-Extremism Commission and the Mayor of London’s counter-extremism programme, and is a member of the European Council on Foreign Relations. Sasha previously served as Senior Director at the EastWest Institute where she led conflict resolution programming. Sasha has testified before US Congress, the UK Parliament and is a regular commentator in the media (CNN, BBC, Channel 4 News and other networks).
Huberta von Voss
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Huberta von Voss

Executive Director, ISD Germany

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Huberta von Voss
Huberta von Voss

Executive Director, ISD Germany

Huberta von Voss is Executive Director at ISD Germany, where she has led the expansion of ISD's German office since 2019. She has previously been part of the leadership team of the New York based NGO Seeds of Peace. Her efforts as Director for Public Affairs and Communications led to steep digital growth, new media engagement, a Podcast series as well as a series of high level events in New York and Washington, D.C. Huberta is the author of "Portraits of Hope: The Armenians in the contemporary world" (Berghahn Books) as well as "Arme Kinder, reiches Land" (Rowohlt) on child poverty in post-reunification Germany. She has appeared on various German and international TV shows and is fluent in English and French. She serves on several boards, among them United Ways Germany, to foster social cohesion. Huberta was awarded the Leo Baeck Medal (2018) and the BGA Medal of Honor by the British-German Association. She is a member of the Young Leader network of the BMW Foundation and an alumni of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
Rashad Ali
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Rashad Ali

Senior Fellow

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Rashad Ali
Rashad Ali

Senior Fellow

Rashad Ali is a Senior Fellow at ISD. Rashad is a counter terrorism practitioner who works on deradicalisation initiatives alongside Prisons, Probation Services, Police and community groups. He was formerly a national leadership member of Hizb ut-Tahrir, the revolutionary Islamist organisation and has been actively involved in undermining its extreme ideology and perversion of Muslim faith since his departure. As a researcher he has given testimony and contributed submissions to the Home Affairs Select Committee on Radicalisation, the Parliamentary Select Committee on Intelligence and has briefed the London Mayor's office on Counter Terrorism and has been consulted by think tanks and governments in Germany, Denmark, the EU and the US. He is an external lecturer for Derby University’s Master Class courses on Radicalisation and Counter Terrorism. He has written for The Observer, The Guardian, The Telegraph, The Independent, The Times, Dissent Magazine, Birlingske in Denmark, Conservative Home, and given commentary for Newsnight, BBC News. He is the author of Islam, Shariah and the Far Right published by Demoqratiya journal, A Guide to Refuting Jihadism published by HJS and EFD, and the author of the ISD report Blasphemy, Charlie Hebdo, and the Freedom of Belief and Expression. He is classically trained in Islamic theology and jurisprudence and Modern studies in Islam. He studied at al-Azhar University, Cairo, and the Markfield Institute.
Milo Comerford
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Milo Comerford

Director of Policy & Research, Counter-Extremism

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Milo Comerford
Milo Comerford

Director of Policy & Research, Counter-Extremism

Milo Comerford is Director of Policy & Research, Counter Extremism, leading ISD’s work developing innovative research approaches and policy responses to extremism. Milo regularly briefs senior decision makers around the world on the challenge posed by extremist ideologies, and advises governments and international agencies on building effective strategies for countering extremism. He was previously Senior Analyst at the Tony Blair Institute for Global Change, where he led major research projects on Salafi-jihadi propaganda, international educational responses to extremism, and the transnational far right. His writing and research features frequently in international media and he has made recent broadcast appearances on BBC News, Sky News and Al Jazeera.
Jacob Davey
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Jacob Davey

Director of Policy & Research, Counter-Hate

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Jacob Davey
Jacob Davey

Director of Policy & Research, Counter-Hate

Jacob Davey is the Director of Research & Policy for Far-right and Hate Movements at ISD. Jacob has managed projects focusing on online hate speech, the international far-right and political violence. He has led a number of projects piloting novel models for identifying extremist conversation and hate speech online, including analysis tracking hate groups in the UK, USA, Canada and Australia, and is currently leading a major programme of work mitigating hate threats in the US. He has advised national and local policymakers on right-wing extremism, including the Home Affairs Select Committee and the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament. Jacob has managed and co-authored numerous ISD reports including Between Conspiracy and Extremism: A Long COVID Threat?, ISD’s Gaming and Extremism Series, and A Safe Space to Hate: White Supremacist Mobilisation on Telegram.
Jennie King
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Jennie King

Director of Climate Research and Policy

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Jennie King
Jennie King

Director of Climate Research and Policy

Jennie King is the Director of Climate Research and Policy, leading efforts to translate ISD's digital research into frontline programming and response. Through ISD, she helped found Climate Action Against Disinformation (CAAD), a coalition of over 50 organisations working to identify, analyse and counter climate disinformation worldwide. She has spearheaded investigations on climate denialism and ‘discourses of delay’ in the contexts of Australia, Canada, Central Europe, Germany, South Africa, the US and UK, as well as co-authored a number of ISD’s flagship reports on this issue. Jennie also helped design, and currently manages, the COP Intelligence Units on behalf of CAAD, leading over 15 partners to produce real-time monitoring of mis- and disinformation around climate summits.
Aoife Gallagher
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Aoife Gallagher

Senior Analyst

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Aoife Gallagher
Aoife Gallagher

Senior Analyst

Aoife Gallagher is a Senior Analyst on ISD’s Digital Analysis Unit, focusing on the intersection between far-right extremism, disinformation and conspiracy theories and using a mixture of data analysis, open source intelligence and investigative techniques to understand the online ecosystem where these ideas flourish and spread. Previously, Aoife was a journalist with the online news agency, Storyful. She is the author of the book Web of Lies – The Lure and Danger of Conspiracy Theories and co-author of the ISD reports The Genesis of a Conspiracy Theory and Ill Advice: A Case Study in Facebook’s Failure to Tackle COVID-19 Disinformation.  
Jakob Guhl
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Jakob Guhl

Senior Manager, Policy & Research

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Jakob Guhl
Jakob Guhl

Senior Manager, Policy & Research

Jakob Guhl is a Senior Manager, Policy & Research, at ISD, where he works within the Digital Research Unit and with ISD Germany. His research focuses on the far-right, Islamist extremism, hate speech, disinformation and conspiracy theories. Jakob is a frequent commentator on German radio and broadcast and has been invited to present his research on online hate to the German Ministry of the Justice and provided evidence to the German Minister of the Interior and the German Family Minister on how to strengthen prevention against right-wing extremism and antisemitism. His research has been featured in Die Zeit, The Guardian, DW, The Telegraph, CNN, Euronews, Coda Story, Vice, Politico, New Republic and Die Welt, among others. Additionally, he has published articles in the “Journal for Deradicalisation”, “Demokratie gegen Menschenfeindlichkeit”, Taz, Der Standard, New Statesman and GNET, and contributed to edited volumes about antisemitism on social media, conspiracy theories and the origins of contemporary political anger. He is the co-author of the ISD reports Researching the Evolving Online Ecosystem: Barriers, Methods and Future Challenges, Gen-Z & The Digital Salafi Ecosystem, Crisis and Loss of Control: German-Language Digital Extremism in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Hosting the ‘Holohoax’: A Snapshot of Holocaust Denial Across Social Media, A Safe Space to Hate: White Supremacist Mobilisation on Telegram and The Online Ecosystem of the German Far-Right. Jakob holds an MA in Terrorism, Security and Society from King’s College London.
Ciarán O’Connor
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Ciarán O’Connor

Senior Analyst

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Ciarán O’Connor
Ciarán O’Connor

Senior Analyst

Ciarán O’Connor is a Senior Analyst at ISD, working in the Research and Policy unit. Ciarán specialises in using open-source research to track and monitor disinformation and extremism online, with a particular focus on far-right activity and communication across open and closed networks and platforms. Ciarán is currently working on multiple ISD projects in analysing the intersection of misinformation and extremism with COVID-19 on social media. Ciarán previously worked as a journalist on the investigations team at Storyful, a social media news agency that specialises in the verification and analysis of amateur footage and misinformation online. He is the co-author of ISD reports The Boom Before the Ban: QAnon and Facebook and Disinformation briefing: Narratives around Black Lives Matter and voter fraud.
Julia Ebner
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Julia Ebner

Senior Resident Research Fellow

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Julia Ebner
Julia Ebner

Senior Resident Research Fellow

Julia Ebner is a Senior Resident Research Fellow at ISD, specialising in far-right extremism, reciprocal radicalisation, conspiracy myths and terrorism prevention. Julia regularly advises parliamentary working groups, intelligence agencies and tech firms, and delivers guest lectures at universities. She acted as a consultant on counter-terrorism for the United Nations. To bring her research findings to wider audiences, Julia has written for newspapers such as the Guardian, Washington Post and Süddeutsche and has appeared on the BBC, Channel 4, CNN, ZDF, ARD, France24 and others. She is an award-winning and bestselling author of several books. Her first book The Rage: The Vicious Circle of Islamist and Far-Right Extremism won the Bruno Kreisky Award for the 2018 Political Book of the Year. Her second book Going Dark: The Secret Social Lives of Extremists was an international bestseller and has been translated into seven languages. It won the award ‘Wissenschaftsbuch des Jahres 2020’ (Science Book of the Year 2020), as well as the Dr Caspar Einem prize and was long listed for the Gold Dagger Award. Her latest book Going Mainstream: How Extremists Are Taking Over has just been released. In 2023, Julia completed her ESRC-sponsored DPhil in Anthropology at Oxford University (St John's college), where she remains a fellow at the Centre for the Study of Social Cohesion. Based on her academic research, Julia has written many peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapter contributions and her DPhil thesis will be published as a book with Columbia University Press. She holds an MSc (Dist) in International History from London School of Economics and an MSc (Dist) in International Relations from Peking University. Julia completed her undergraduate studies with a BA (Hons) in Philosophy and a BSc in International Business.​ Julia is fluent in English, German and French and has intermediate Spanish and Mandarin skills.  Julia co-authored a range of ISD reports, including The Online Ecosystem of the German Far-Right, The Great Replacement: The Violent Consequences of Mainstreamed Extremism, Mainstreaming Mussolini – How the Extreme Right Attempted to ‘Make Italy Great Again’ in the 2018 Italian Election, The Fringe Insurgency – Connectivity, Convergence and Mainstreaming of the Extreme Right, and Hate at the Push of a Button.