For 20 years, ISD has delivered field-leading threat detection, analysis and real-world strategies to combat terrorism, extremism and authoritarianism - in all their ideological forms.

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Tech Accountability and Safety

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Tech accountability is the responsibility of social media platforms to ensure their products are safe, transparent, and adhere to ethical design principles. It involves answering for their actions—or inactions—that contribute to or exacerbate online harms, as well as committing to regulatory oversight and transparency to create a safer, more responsible digital ecosystem.

We believe tech companies have a responsibility to ensure their products are safe and designed in a way that protects and fosters both democracy and human rights. However, as research from ISD and many others has consistently shown, social media platforms and associated technologies often facilitate the spread of extremism, terrorism, hate and information manipulation online. This has been linked to a range of on-and-offline harms, including inciting violence, amplifying disinformation and conspiracy theories, enabling hate speech and harassment, increasing political polarisation, and facilitating radicalisation. The absence of regulatory oversight has meant that tech companies have too often not been held accountable for these harms while public-interest researchers continue to face barriers to studying the inner workings and impacts of their platforms.

Accountability and Speech Protection

Technology companies hold immense power in the modern information environment, and ISD works to hold these influential actors accountable. ISD advances tech accountability primarily by advocating for greater transparency, which is essential to building trust among the public, governments, regulators, the private sector, and social media platform—and to strengthening accountability across these stakeholders.

December 18, 2025

The trust-consensus paradox: why decentralized fact-checking faces challenges on polarizing topics

Accountability and Speech Protection, Data Access and Transparency, Tech Accountability and Safety

November 5, 2025

Assessing and Mitigating Conflict-Related Online Risks: Challenges for Governments, Regulators and Online Platforms

Accountability and Speech Protection, Freedom of Expression, Tech Accountability and Safety

October 31, 2025

Irish Presidential Election 2025: Renewed attacks on election integrity and repeated platform failures

Accountability and Speech Protection, Democratic Integrity

October 15, 2025

ISD CEO Sasha Havlicek to speak at the Future of Democracy Conference

Accountability and Speech Protection, Emerging Technologies, Freedom of Expression, Tech Accountability and Safety

March 24, 2025

Crushing Comments: Gendered Harassment during the 2024 EU Parliament Elections on TikTok

Accountability and Speech Protection, Democratic Integrity, Misogyny, Targeted Threats, Hate and Abuse

Content Moderation

Term with the slug "content-moderation" not found in the "our-expertise" taxonomy.

Data access and transparency

Greater transparency from technology companies allows citizens and researchers to better understand the nature and extent of online harms including terrorist propaganda, extremist indoctrination, weaponised hate and influence operations on their platforms. Our work on transparency includes policy advice to governments, regulators and key multistakeholder initiatives.

April 2, 2026

Foreign actors and foreign influence: An exploratory analysis of international state actors targeting Ireland in 2025

Coordinated Inauthentic Behaviour, Data Access and Transparency, Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference

March 31, 2026

Irish unity, Palestine and Soleimani: Analysis of an Iranian information operation targeting Ireland

Coordinated Inauthentic Behaviour, Data Access and Transparency, Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference

December 18, 2025

The trust-consensus paradox: why decentralized fact-checking faces challenges on polarizing topics

Accountability and Speech Protection, Data Access and Transparency, Tech Accountability and Safety

September 19, 2024

US Election Platform Preparedness: Comparative Analysis

Data Access and Transparency, Democratic Integrity, Targeted Threats, Hate and Abuse

September 17, 2024

Safeguarding Elections in the Digital Age: Assessing Evolving Electoral Risks and their Mitigation for Online Electoral Integrity

Data Access and Transparency, Democratic Integrity

Digital rights and Protections

Digital rights are the internationally recognised human rights—such as freedom of expression, privacy, access to information, and protection from discrimination—that apply in digital and online environments. Ensuring digital rights is central to safeguarding democratic values.

May 29, 2026

Non-Consensual Intimate Imagery (NCII) Abuse

Digital Rights and Protections, Emerging Technologies, Misogyny, Tech Accountability and Safety

September 28, 2021

Open Source, Self Defence: Tackling the Challenge of Extremist Websites and Open Source Tech

Digital Rights and Protections, Emerging Technologies, Terrorism and Extremism

April 13, 2021

Digital Policy Lab ’20 – Companion Papers

Digital Rights and Protections, Information Warfare and Online Manipulation, Targeted Threats, Hate and Abuse, Tech Legislation and Regulation, Terrorism and Extremism

April 13, 2021

Digital Policy Lab ’20 – Begleitpapiere

Digital Rights and Protections, Information Warfare and Online Manipulation, Resources, Tech Accountability and Safety, Tech Legislation and Regulation, Terrorism and Extremism

Emerging Technologies

Terrorist and extremist groups routinely adopt new technologies to evade law enforcement, ranging from decentralised platforms to generative AI. Our research and advisory work are ahead of the curve in predicting, identifying and responding to these new trends. The research and policy guidance we provide helps frontline practitioners, law enforcement agencies and democratic governments worldwide.

May 29, 2026

Non-Consensual Intimate Imagery (NCII) Abuse

Digital Rights and Protections, Emerging Technologies, Misogyny, Tech Accountability and Safety

November 12, 2025

ISD CEO Sasha Havlicek honoured to join Pope Leo XIV’s audience on AI’s ethical and societal challenges

Emerging Technologies, Kids Online Safety, Tech Accountability and Safety

November 4, 2025

AI-generated videos of Hurricane Melissa undermine public safety

Climate, Emerging Technologies

October 27, 2025

Investigation | Talking points: When chatbots surface Russian state media

Emerging Technologies, Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference, Information Warfare and Online Manipulation

October 23, 2025

The ecosystem of nonconsensual intimate deepfake tools online

Emerging Technologies, Misogyny

Freedom of expression

Freedom of expression is a UN-recognized fundamental right to hold or share an opinion or idea without fear of reprisal, censorship or legal action.  

November 5, 2025

Assessing and Mitigating Conflict-Related Online Risks: Challenges for Governments, Regulators and Online Platforms

Accountability and Speech Protection, Freedom of Expression, Tech Accountability and Safety

October 15, 2025

ISD CEO Sasha Havlicek to speak at the Future of Democracy Conference

Accountability and Speech Protection, Emerging Technologies, Freedom of Expression, Tech Accountability and Safety

March 3, 2025

Sina Laubenstein at Mobile World Congress: Freedom of expression & combatting disinformation can coexist

Freedom of Expression, Information Warfare and Online Manipulation

October 23, 2018

Blasphemy, Charlie Hebdo, and the Freedom of Belief and Expression

Freedom of Expression, Islamist Extremism

Gaming and Alternative Platforms

ISD’s sector-leading research has identified a growing number of alternative and smaller platforms used by hateful, extremist and terrorist actors to spread illegal content and evade scrutiny. Our insights have deepened understandings of how online harms manifest on novel platforms, provided valuable intelligence on threats, and informed policymakers, regulators, technology companies and the wider research community on how to improve online safety across the evolving online ecosystem.

September 15, 2025

ISD experts join 2025 Eradicate Hate Summit, co-host Gaming and Hate working group

Gaming and Alternative Platforms, Targeted Threats, Hate and Abuse

May 22, 2025

Did Adolescence cause a surge of users to an incel forum?

Gaming and Alternative Platforms, Hybrid Extremism and Nihilistic Violence, Misogyny

October 14, 2024

Online Safety and the Regulation of Gaming Platforms and Services

Gaming and Alternative Platforms, Tech Accountability and Safety, Terrorism and Extremism

June 18, 2024

Investigation 1: Teenage Gamer Personas

Gaming and Alternative Platforms, Recommender Systems and Algorithms, Tech Accountability and Safety

December 19, 2023

Im toten Winkel – Rechtsextreme auf alternativen und etablierten Plattformen

Far-Right Extremism, Gaming and Alternative Platforms, Terrorism and Extremism

Kids Online Safety

Kids online safety refers to practices and policies that protect children and teenagers from harm while in digital spaces, such as social media, while also allowing them to engage and participate online safely. 

January 13, 2026

Generation Z’s ideological fluidity is shifting the extremist landscape

Kids Online Safety, Terrorism and Extremism

December 9, 2025

Fostering Healthy Masculinities: Building Resilience Against Online Misogyny

Kids Online Safety, Misogyny

December 3, 2025

Squaring the circle on men’s health, online harms and gender-based violence

Kids Online Safety, Misogyny, Tech Accountability and Safety

November 12, 2025

ISD CEO Sasha Havlicek honoured to join Pope Leo XIV’s audience on AI’s ethical and societal challenges

Emerging Technologies, Kids Online Safety, Tech Accountability and Safety

November 6, 2025

Networks of Harm: A Victim-Centric Resource on the 764 Network

Kids Online Safety, Misogyny, Targeted Threats, Hate and Abuse, Tech Accountability and Safety, Threat Detection and Analysis

Recommender Systems and Algorithms

ISD’s research explores how algorithms and generative AI can amplify terrorist content as well as weaponised hate and influence operations across online platforms. This offers valuable insights into potential risks to democratic processes and extremist indoctrination. Our advisory work on social media algorithms explores solutions to these challenges including changes to policies and platform designs, as well as greater transparency through mechanisms including algorithmic audits.

May 5, 2026

Amplifying Antisemitism: How Recommender Algorithms Serve Harmful Content to Children

Antisemitism, Recommender Systems and Algorithms, Tech Accountability and Safety

May 2, 2026

Recommendation systems and the rapid exposure to antisemitism online

Antisemitism, Recommender Systems and Algorithms, Tech Accountability and Safety

January 20, 2026

Men, algorithms and how YouTube shapes media consumption

Recommender Systems and Algorithms, Tech Accountability and Safety

October 27, 2025

Popular chatbots are citing Russian state propaganda

Recommender Systems and Algorithms

July 11, 2025

AI blurs reality amid Iran-Israel conflict

Emerging Technologies, Information Warfare and Online Manipulation, Recommender Systems and Algorithms

Tech Legislation and regulation

Effective legislation and regulation are key to improving the experiences of people online and protecting individual rights and freedom of expression, while mitigating crime, threats to national security and other online harms. Thoughtful, well-crafted regulation can play a key role in changing the incentives and culture of tech companies, improving their transparency and accountability for online safety. ISD’s research and advisory work has fed into the successful development of key pieces of legislation globally.

May 21, 2026

High risk, small platforms: Understanding synthetic non-consensual intimate imagery and community norms on 4chan

Tech Accountability and Safety, Tech Legislation and Regulation

May 13, 2026

Building a strategic response to antisemitism in the UK in a changing threat landscape

Antisemitism, Targeted Threats, Hate and Abuse, Tech Legislation and Regulation, Threat Analysis and Prevention

April 28, 2026

Pathways to parlays: Analyzing youth exposure to online gambling & prediction market advertising

Tech Accountability and Safety, Tech Legislation and Regulation

January 15, 2026

Bridging Policy and Research under the DSA: A Structured Research Agenda for Identifying Systemic Risks

Tech Legislation and Regulation

October 29, 2025

Addressing Illegal Harms on Small and Emerging Platforms: Challenges and Gaps

Tech Accountability and Safety, Tech Legislation and Regulation