ISD UK

ISD UK partners with government, communities and civil society organisations to counter extremism and protect democracy.

The Institute for Strategic Dialogue is a charitable company in the UK limited by guarantee (registered charity number 1141069, registered company number 06581421). 

Founded in 2006, security and counter extremism has always been a focus for the institution. Since 2014, ISD has focused fully on analysing and countering extremism, hate and disinformation in the UK and overseas. Our team is comprised of researchers, digital analysts, policy specialists and educators committed to safeguarding human rights and countering the forces undermining democracy and social cohesion globally. 

Today, ISD UK stands as a leading authority on extremism in the UK, offering research, policy analysis and expertise that drives evidence-based, human rights-centred counter-extremism strategies. Our work covers a breadth of topics and ideologies. Examples of current and recent work include:

Investigating pro-Kremlin ecosystems in Europe: ISD and CASM Technology are jointly conducting research on the links between pro-Kremlin disinformation and domestic extremist and conspiracist communities in France, Germany and Italy. The next iteration of this project will expand the study to Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, three countries recently targeted by Russian influence campaigns aimed at reducing support for Ukraine and discrediting both national and EU institutions. The project seeks to map pro-Kremlin ecosystems across social media, identifying the specific narratives, actors and tactics used within each national information environment. Through this study, and in collaboration with the leading European news agency Agence France-Presse (AFP), the project will enable a deeper examination of pro-Kremlin information operations’ effects across Western and Eastern Europe. 

Tracking & Mitigating Disinformation Relating to the Israel-Gaza War: In the immediate aftermath of the October 7 attack, ISD sought to measure and understand the spread of hate and polarisation on social media. Analysts worked with partners at CASM to train bespoke automated hate speech detection software to understand the nuances and implicit nature of online conflict-related hate. Our analysis found a 51-fold increase in the volume of online antisemitism and 43-fold rise in anti-Muslim hate in YouTube comments on videos about the conflict.

Supporting communities at risk of hateful attacks: ISD works with Jewish and Muslim communities, government and law enforcement to understand and mitigate rising levels of antisemitic and anti-Muslim hate. Following the 7 October attacks, there have been surges in harmful activity online and offline, frequently driven by conspiracy theories and disinformation and amplified by a range of actors globally including established terrorist and violent extremist networks, as well as hostile state actors. Gaining a deeper understanding of disinformation narratives, the networks spreading it, and the tactics and platforms used, are essential for mitigating harm. Leveraging ISD’s expertise in research tracking online disinformation, hate speech and extremism, we are working to understand how a range of different actors exploit the ongoing Israel-Gaza crisis and to track the narratives, tactics, and strategies used to spread disinformation. 

Tackling Extremism and Disinformation in Ireland: Since 2021, ISD UK has examined key issues in Ireland. This work begain with research on the far-right use of Telegram and the evolution of the anti-lockdown movement, which unified various online groups into a hybridized threat. In November 2023, ISD released a landmark three-part study on Ireland’s mis- and disinformation ecosystem, which gained immediate relevance when falsehoods and anti-migrant hate online fuelled rioting in Dublin city centre following a stabbing incident involving children. ISD analysts took part in dozens of media interviews in the period following the riots, providing expert commentary on what led to the violence and the role of social media in fanning the flames. In 2024, ISD UK monitored online activity during local and EU elections, documenting rising political violence and identifying an Irish misinformation hub spreading false claims of electoral interference. 

Analysis on the Southport riots: The July 2024 stabbing attack in Southport, England, sparked anti-Muslim and anti-migrant hate, extremism, and violence in cities across the UK including Liverpool, Hull, Blackpool, Bristol, Manchester, Stoke-on-Trent and Belfast. ISD’s rapid analysis of the riots tracked how misinformation and hate speech on social media platforms X and Telegram not only expanded online networks but also mobilised offline riots and fuelled far-right violence. ISD UK analysts were featured in dozens of national and international media interviews including the Guardian, Sky News, the Financial Times, CNN and more, offering expert analysis of the situation both online and on the ground. ISD researchers also highlighted the need for long-term comprehensive policy measures to address far-right violence, advocating for a renewed counter-extremism strategy and stronger social media regulations. 

The ISD UK team

Sarah Kennedy
Read Bio
Sarah Kennedy

Chief Operating Officer

×
Sarah Kennedy
Sarah Kennedy

Chief Operating Officer

Sarah Kennedy is Chief Operating Officer of ISD, overseeing the operational effectiveness of the organisation globally. This includes leading the finance, HR, operations, security, governance and legal functions of the organisation. Sarah has over 15 years’ experience in UK and international non-profit organisations and previous roles included serving as UK Director of Kenyan NGO S.A.F.E., and Head of Partnerships & Events at the think tank Demos. Sarah holds a First Class degree in Economic and Social History from the University of Bristol and an MA in Legal and Political Theory from UCL. She additionally holds an Art & Design Foundation Diploma from Kingston University; a Certificate in International Business Practice and an International Diploma in Management from University of Cambridge International Exams; and a Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) Certificate in Business Accounting.
Arabella Phillimore
Read Bio
Arabella Phillimore

Managing Director

×
Arabella Phillimore
Arabella Phillimore

Managing Director

Arabella Phillimore is Managing Director of ISD, with responsibility for the portfolio of research, policy advisory and programming.  As part of the Executive Leadership team, she is responsible for building and overseeing the knowledge sharing, quality control and communications capability within and outside of the organisation. Arabella has over 20 years’ experience working for non-profit organisations, governments and international organisations in the UK and abroad. Previous roles include COO, then Strategic Director of UK-based negotiation NGO Inter Mediate– which she helped establish–, and Specialist Policy Advisor at the UK Foreign Office. Arabella has a policy, strategic planning and communications background and in addition to her negotiation work she has worked as a Leader writer at the Financial Times, and at the UN as both a political officer for the Department of Peacekeeping in Afghanistan, and a communications and advocacy officer for UNICEF in India.  Arabella holds a BA in Modern Languages from New College, Oxford University, and an MA in International Relations and Economics from SAIS, Johns Hopkins University. She additionally was awarded a UNITAR/IPI Fellowship in Mediation and Negotiation Skills and is a Founding Trustee of UNHCR’s UK fundraising charity, UK for UNCHR.
Zahed Amanullah
Read Bio
Zahed Amanullah

Resident Senior Fellow, Networks & Outreach

×
Zahed Amanullah
Zahed Amanullah

Resident Senior Fellow, Networks & Outreach

Zahed Amanullah is a Resident Senior Fellow at ISD, leading on ISD’s civil society engagement, communications, and partnerships, coordinating the public and private sectors with activists, frontline workers, and relevant civil society networks. He has worked closely with Google.org to support British and European civil society organisations through the Innovation Fund, the Shared Endeavour Fund, and the Google Impact Challenge on Safety. He has given testimony to the UK and European parliaments and has been featured at the BBC, NPR, Channel 4, Sky News, the Guardian, CNN International, The New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, Le Monde Diplomatique, and Newsweek, among others. He has co-authored the ISD reports The Impact of Counternarratives, Between Two Extremes: Responding to Islamist and tribalist messaging online in Kenya during the 2017 elections, and The Innovation Fund to Counter Hate and Extremism in the UK. He holds a BS from the University of California, Berkeley and a Diploma in Management from the University of Bath.
Francesca Arcostanzo
Read Bio
Francesca Arcostanzo

Director of Digital Analysis Unit

×
Francesca Arcostanzo
Francesca Arcostanzo

Director of Digital Analysis Unit

Francesca Arcostanzo is Director of Digital Analysis Unit at ISD, working to ensure our research methods, tools and approaches in the digital analysis space remain consistent and innovative. With a decade of experience in digital research, she is an expert in digital methods, including text network, and statistical analysis of large-scale datasets. Recently, she has been involved in the development of Beam, the ISD-CASM technology that exposes, tracks and confronts online information threats, from disinformation to hate, extremism, information operations, harassment and harmful conspiracy theories. Francesca also holds a PhD in Public Opinion, Political Communication, and Electoral Behaviour from the University of Milan, an MA in Government and Public Communication, and an MSc in Intelligence & ICT. Previously, she served as a Digital Analytics Specialist at the European Central Bank, where she monitored and analysed conversations, disinformation and threats related to ECB policies. She is also a partner at CASM Technology.
Milo Comerford
Read Bio
Milo Comerford

Director of Policy & Research, Counter-Extremism

×
Milo Comerford
Milo Comerford

Director of Policy & Research, Counter-Extremism

Milo Comerford is Director of Policy & Research, Counter Extremism, leading ISD’s work developing innovative research approaches and policy responses to extremism. Milo regularly briefs senior decision makers around the world on the challenge posed by extremist ideologies, and advises governments and international agencies on building effective strategies for countering extremism. He was previously Senior Analyst at the Tony Blair Institute for Global Change, where he led major research projects on Salafi-jihadi propaganda, international educational responses to extremism, and the transnational far right. His writing and research features frequently in international media and he has made recent broadcast appearances on BBC News, Sky News and Al Jazeera.
Jacob Davey
Read Bio
Jacob Davey

Director of Policy & Research, Counter-Hate

×
Jacob Davey
Jacob Davey

Director of Policy & Research, Counter-Hate

Jacob Davey is the Director of Research & Policy for Far-right and Hate Movements at ISD. Jacob has managed projects focusing on online hate speech, the international far-right and political violence. He has led a number of projects piloting novel models for identifying extremist conversation and hate speech online, including analysis tracking hate groups in the UK, USA, Canada and Australia, and is currently leading a major programme of work mitigating hate threats in the US. He has advised national and local policymakers on right-wing extremism, including the Home Affairs Select Committee and the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament. Jacob has managed and co-authored numerous ISD reports including Between Conspiracy and Extremism: A Long COVID Threat?, ISD’s Gaming and Extremism Series, and A Safe Space to Hate: White Supremacist Mobilisation on Telegram.
Jennie King
Read Bio
Jennie King

Director of Climate Disinformation Research and Policy

×
Jennie King
Jennie King

Director of Climate Disinformation Research and Policy

Jennie King is the Director of Climate Disinformation Research and Policy, leading efforts to translate ISD's digital research into frontline programming and response. Through ISD, she helped found Climate Action Against Disinformation (CAAD), a coalition of over 50 organisations working to identify, analyse and counter climate disinformation worldwide. She has spearheaded investigations on climate denialism and ‘discourses of delay’ in the contexts of Australia, Canada, Central Europe, Germany, South Africa, the US and UK, as well as co-authored a number of ISD’s flagship reports on this issue. Jennie also helped design, and currently manages, the COP Intelligence Units on behalf of CAAD, leading over 15 partners to produce real-time monitoring of mis- and disinformation around climate summits.
Melanie Smith
Read Bio
Melanie Smith

Director of Research, ISD US

×
Melanie Smith
Melanie Smith

Director of Research, ISD US

Melanie Smith is the Director of Research for ISD US. Based in Washington DC, she leads a team of analysts focused on detecting, exposing and mitigating the threats associated with online information operations. Melanie was previously the Director of Analysis at the network analytics firm Graphika, re-joining ISD in 2021 to expand the organization’s research portfolio in the US. Her recent work has focused on topics like state-backed influence campaigns, public health misinformation and election-related violence.
Tim Squirrell
Read Bio
Tim Squirrell

Director of Communications and Editorial

×
Tim Squirrell
Tim Squirrell

Director of Communications and Editorial

Tim Squirrell is the Director of Communications & Editorial at ISD. He is responsible for managing the Institute's communications strategy, ensuring that publications reach the right audiences and that ISD continues to drive the discussion around areas of extremism, hate, polarisation and disinformation. He previously worked as a senior advisor on counter-terrorism to the British government, providing expert insights on right-wing, misogynist and esoteric extremist and terrorist threats. Tim holds a PhD in Science and Technology Studies from the University of Edinburgh, where he wrote his thesis on the social dynamics of online communities.
Henry Tuck
Read Bio
Henry Tuck

Director of Digital Policy

×
Henry Tuck
Henry Tuck

Director of Digital Policy

Henry Tuck is the Director of Digital Policy at ISD, where he leads Advisory work on digital regulation and tech company responses to terrorism, extremism, hate and dis/misinformation online. Henry oversees ISD’s Digital Policy Lab (DPL) and engagement on key digital regulation proposals in Europe and Five Eyes countries, advises key governments, international organisations and major private sector tech companies, and collaborates with ISD’s Digital Analysis Unit to translate research into actionable digital policy recommendations. Having joined ISD in 2013, Henry has previously worked across a variety of ISD’s Analysis and Action programmes, including education, on- and offline counter-extremism interventions, and civil society networks. Henry holds a Masters in International Conflict Studies from Kings College London, and a BA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics from Durham University. 
Aoife Gallagher
Read Bio
Aoife Gallagher

Senior Analyst

×
Aoife Gallagher
Aoife Gallagher

Senior Analyst

Aoife Gallagher is a Senior Analyst on ISD’s Digital Analysis Unit, focusing on the intersection between far-right extremism, disinformation and conspiracy theories and using a mixture of data analysis, open source intelligence and investigative techniques to understand the online ecosystem where these ideas flourish and spread. Previously, Aoife was a journalist with the online news agency, Storyful. She is the author of the book Web of Lies – The Lure and Danger of Conspiracy Theories and co-author of the ISD reports The Genesis of a Conspiracy Theory and Ill Advice: A Case Study in Facebook’s Failure to Tackle COVID-19 Disinformation.  
Jakob Guhl
Read Bio
Jakob Guhl

Senior Manager, Policy & Research

×
Jakob Guhl
Jakob Guhl

Senior Manager, Policy & Research

Jakob Guhl is a Senior Manager, Policy & Research, at ISD, where he works within the Digital Research Unit and with ISD Germany. His research focuses on the far-right, Islamist extremism, hate speech, disinformation and conspiracy theories. Jakob is a frequent commentator on German radio and broadcast and has been invited to present his research on online hate to the German Ministry of the Justice and provided evidence to the German Minister of the Interior and the German Family Minister on how to strengthen prevention against right-wing extremism and antisemitism. His research has been featured in Die Zeit, The Guardian, DW, The Telegraph, CNN, Euronews, Coda Story, Vice, Politico, New Republic and Die Welt, among others. Additionally, he has published articles in the “Journal for Deradicalisation”, “Demokratie gegen Menschenfeindlichkeit”, Taz, Der Standard, New Statesman and GNET, and contributed to edited volumes about antisemitism on social media, conspiracy theories and the origins of contemporary political anger. He is the co-author of the ISD reports Researching the Evolving Online Ecosystem: Barriers, Methods and Future Challenges, Gen-Z & The Digital Salafi Ecosystem, Crisis and Loss of Control: German-Language Digital Extremism in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Hosting the ‘Holohoax’: A Snapshot of Holocaust Denial Across Social Media, A Safe Space to Hate: White Supremacist Mobilisation on Telegram and The Online Ecosystem of the German Far-Right. Jakob holds an MA in Terrorism, Security and Society from King’s College London.
Łukasz Janulewicz
Read Bio
Łukasz Janulewicz

Senior Analyst

×
Łukasz Janulewicz
Łukasz Janulewicz

Senior Analyst

Łukasz Janulewicz is a Senior Analyst at ISD, focusing on climate disinformation in Poland and Germany. He previously worked at the Polish Institute for International Affairs (PISM) in Warsaw, the Central European University in Budapest and the Bavarian State Parliament in Munich. Łukasz graduated in Political Science from the Ludwig Maximilian University Munich and holds a PhD in International Relations from the University of Kent. At ISD, he has co-authored the research report: “Kalter Wind von Rechts: Wie rechte Parteien und Akteur:innen die Klimakrise zu ihren Gunsten missbrauchen Eine Analyse über falsche Fakten, Feindbilder und Desinformationsnarrative im Umfeld der Bundestagswahl 2021.”
Ciarán O’Connor
Read Bio
Ciarán O’Connor

Senior Analyst

×
Ciarán O’Connor
Ciarán O’Connor

Senior Analyst

Ciarán O’Connor is a Senior Analyst at ISD, working in the Research and Policy unit. Ciarán specialises in using open-source research to track and monitor disinformation and extremism online, with a particular focus on far-right activity and communication across open and closed networks and platforms. Ciarán is currently working on multiple ISD projects in analysing the intersection of misinformation and extremism with COVID-19 on social media. Ciarán previously worked as a journalist on the investigations team at Storyful, a social media news agency that specialises in the verification and analysis of amateur footage and misinformation online. He is the co-author of ISD reports The Boom Before the Ban: QAnon and Facebook and Disinformation briefing: Narratives around Black Lives Matter and voter fraud.
Helena Schwertheim
Read Bio
Helena Schwertheim

Senior Digital Policy and Research Manager

×
Helena Schwertheim
Helena Schwertheim

Senior Digital Policy and Research Manager

Helena Schwertheim is a Senior Digital Policy and Research Manager at ISD. She leads the Digital Policy Lab (DPL), an intergovernmental working group focused on policy responses to prevent and counter disinformation, hate speech and extremism. As part of the Digital Policy Team, Helena advises key governments, international organisations and tech companies, and collaborates with ISD’s Digital Analysis Unit to translate research into actionable digital policy recommendations, with a focus on Technology Facilitated Gender-Based Violence (TFGBV). Previously, Helena managed digital policy and research projects at Democracy Reporting International. She also has experience working in risk and political analysis in international organisations and think tanks, including at the UN World Food Programme in Rome, and the think tank International IDEA in Stockholm. 
Elise Thomas 
Read Bio
Elise Thomas 

Senior Analyst, OSINT

×
Elise Thomas 
Elise Thomas 

Senior Analyst, OSINT

Elise Thomas is a Senior OSINT Analyst at ISD, with a background in researching state-linked information operations, disinformation, conspiracy theories and the online dynamics of political movements. She also freelances as a journalist, and her work has appeared in Bellingcat, Foreign Policy, The Daily Beast, Wired and others. She is the author of Recommended Reading: Amazon’s algorithms, conspiracy theories and extremist literature and The Long Tail of Influence Operations: A Case Study on News Front and the co-author of COVID-19 Disinformation Briefing No.4.
Emma Armfield
Read Bio
Emma Armfield

Global Finance Manager

×
Emma Armfield
Emma Armfield

Global Finance Manager

Emma Armfield is Global Finance Manager at ISD, responsible for the day to day running of the office finances. She has 16 years' experience working within finance across various sectors and is a fully qualified member of the Association of Accounting Technicians (AAT).
Alice Bartz
Read Bio
Alice Bartz

Programme Operations Manager

×
Alice Bartz
Alice Bartz

Programme Operations Manager

Alice Bartz is a Programme Operations Manager at ISD. She is responsible for project and grant managements, operational delivery and fundraising activities for projects sitting under ISD’s programmes portfolio across Europe, USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the UK. Alice has over a decade of experience in a range of project and grant management roles across the non-profit sector, in the UK and on the international level.
Zoe Manzi
Read Bio
Zoe Manzi

Analyst, Hate and Extremism

×
Zoe Manzi
Zoe Manzi

Analyst, Hate and Extremism

Zoe Manzi is a Hate and Extremism Analyst at ISD. Her research focuses on the intersection between far-Right extremism, hate speech, disinformation, conspiracy theories and online harms. She has expertise in both fringe and mainstream Italian neofascist political and social movements. Whilst at ISD, Zoe has worked on a number of projects using a combination of data analysis, OSINT investigation techniques and online monitoring to identify disinformation campaigns, discern hostile state and bad actor influence operations, and track election interference.
Hannah Rose
Read Bio
Hannah Rose

Analyst, Hate and Extremism

×
Hannah Rose
Hannah Rose

Analyst, Hate and Extremism

Hannah Rose is a Hate and Extremism Analyst at ISD, where she researches far-right extremism and antisemitism online. Previously, Hannah worked as a Research Fellow at the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation, where she authored various reports, including focusing on young people’s involvement in violent extremist networks. Hannah is a PhD candidate in the Department of War Studies at King’s College London, researching contemporary antisemitism across the far right. She also holds an MA with distinction from KCL in Terrorism, Security and Society, where she was awarded the department prize for best MA dissertation, and a first-class BA from the University of Bristol. Hannah is a trustee of the Union of Jewish Students in the UK and Ireland.
Siddharth Venkataramakrishnan
Read Bio
Siddharth Venkataramakrishnan

Editorial Manager and Analyst

×
Siddharth Venkataramakrishnan
Siddharth Venkataramakrishnan

Editorial Manager and Analyst

Siddharth Venkataramakrishnan is an Editorial Manager and Analyst at ISD. In this dual role, Sid works as a front-line editor on ISD’s outputs and provides training to other staff on writing technique. He also carries out analysis on topics including Hindu nationalism, the intersection of finance and misinformation, and the far-right online. Prior to joining ISD, Sid was a journalist at the Financial Times, covering topics ranging from Big Tech to fintech. He holds an MSc in the Social Science of the Internet from Oxford and an MS in Journalism from Columbia University.
Guy Fiennes
Read Bio
Guy Fiennes

Research Associate

×
Guy Fiennes
Guy Fiennes

Research Associate

Guy Fiennes is a Research Associate at ISD specialising in Islamist extremism. He is multilingual and a MENA specialist. His research contributes to a wide range of investigations at ISD including projects related to Russian disinformation, far-right extremism and the Israel-Hamas war. Previously, he was Project Coordinator for the NATO & the Global Enduring Disorder Project while it launched the Disorder Podcast. He holds an MPhil in Modern Middle Eastern Studies with Persian.