A South Carolina teenager recently pled guilty to conspiracy charges after pledging allegiance to Islamic State (IS), illustrating the increase in juvenile radicalization by global extremist ideologies.

In its coverage of this case, CNN spoke to ISD’s Moustafa Ayad, who highlighted the decentralized digital ecosystem IS operates in today.

Moustafa explained that all forms of content exist in IS’ current ecosystem, ranging from an officially produced IS newsletter to Roblox propaganda films to AI-generated content glorifying violence. He also emphasized the element of youth involvement in the technological space.

“We see a lot more content in the Islamic State ecosystem that either appears to be produced by youth or are targeting youth,” Moustafa said. “This is content that adds elements and aesthetics from other extremist groups across the spectrum, and uses troll-like language to describe what would be traditionally the ideology of the Islamic State. That sort of thing is really assisting and facilitating in the spread of this.”

The full article is available on CNN.