ISD Glossary
ISD’s Glossary provides clear definitions of key terms related to extremism, hate, information operations and tech accountability. This page is continually reviewed to ensure accuracy.
Generative Adversarial Networks
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are a type of machine learning model that involve two neural networks, a generator and a discriminator, which compete against each other. Utilising deep learning techniques, these networks operate in an unsupervised manner within a zero-sum game frame work. The generator‘s role is to create data that mimics real data, while the discriminator works to differentiate between genuine and artificially generated data. Through continuous interaction, both networks improve their functions, with the generator producing increasingly realistic data and the discriminator enhancing its ability to detect artificial data. This dynamic results in high-quality, believable outputs, such as lifelike images of human faces that do not correspond to real individuals.
Graphic Content
Graphic content includes text, images, video or audio that describes emotionally distressing topics or experiences in detail, including but not limited to: sexual assault, sexual harassment, suicidal ideation, self-injury, murder.
Great Replacement
The conspiracy theory established by Renaud Camus, in particular in his 2011 pamphlet The Great Replacement, claims that white European populations are being deliberately replaced at an ethnic and cultural level through migration and the growth of minority communities.
