This report is available in Arabic. 

This report is part of a research series seeking to understand how online polarisation manifests in Jordan to help inform both local and national policy and practice. The first report in this series analysed misogynistic speech online in Jordan while the second focused on national identity. This report analyses religious and sectarian hate speech on Jordanian social media, while also focusing on othering, demeaning or insulting language.

Using census data, the report concentrates on religions represented in Jordan and explores intra-Jordanian sectarianism online. Jordan is host to faith communities representative of Sunnis, Shia, Christians and Druze. The interplay between these communities online appears to surface significant, yet, limited, targeted hate and
harassment.